Write an essay in which you agree or disagree with the author's

Compose a where you concur or differ with the creator's position. Utilize your own thoughts and encounters - Essay Example e realities in the article, it is completely important to put a gag on charge card organizations that part with unconditional presents to bait youthful understudies into â€Å"plastic bondage†. Visa showcasing in schools needs limitations The principal reason I concur with the writer’s thought that understudies don’t need additional credit is that the information shows that there are just 21% individuals (understudies) that pay their credit installment every month and just 11% compensation even not exactly the base installment. The remainder of the understudy part (counting 11%) turns over their obligation to one month from now and that’s what puts a major grin on charge card organizations. That is actually what they need to see, credit being turned over expanding into more credit. It is nothing unexpected that monetary experts call collecting obligation or credit the eighth marvel of the world. The obligation just keeps developing and the charge card holder turns into a money related slave to the Visa organization. The second part of the article that causes me to concur with the essayist is the test that why Mastercard organizations that set up their tables and their ‘poison lemon stands’ in universities consistently part with presents for pursuing a Mastercard not a platinum card. Clearly they will recover their going through on the blessings with interests later on. It is difficult to envision that all individuals holding Visas would be paying their base credit installments consistently, it is essentially unimaginable, that is the reason Mastercard organizations are prepared with their huge open mouths trusting that this will occur and they could benefit from the credit lumps. Contrast the charge card with check card, there is no distinction in spending guideline, the main distinction comes when it’s time to pay off. For a charge card, one must have that measure of cash in the financial balance along these lines he can’t regardless spend beyond what he can bear. Then again, it is the Mastercard that asks the Mastercard holder to spend beyond what he can bear. This is the place banks money in huge amounts of cash. Once the

Based on your own holistic assessment of a child who has difficulty Essay Example

In view of your own comprehensive appraisal of a kid who experiences issues Essay Example In view of your own all encompassing appraisal of a youngster who experiences issues Essay In view of your own all encompassing appraisal of a youngster who experiences issues Essay This task is fixated on a 3 twelvemonth old male kid, Martin who is displaying practices unsatisfactory to his boss carer. The distinctions of the family and other individual inside informations have been changed for the plan of this task to keep anonymity. This task will tell the best way to set up and more remote build up an adoring and sustaining relationship. It will unmistakably put the significance of the positive connections for all children inside their first mature ages of life and how these are framed through holding and affectionate respect. This bit of work will talk the principals of humanistic mental science and delineate the cultural procurement hypothesis, it will demo how Martin's practices identify with these speculations. It will put the significance of the expert/parent connections and obstructions which may affect these connections. The task will put what a comprehensive examination is, its pertinence and significance, and will put the potential reason for Martin 's conduct. Plans will be analyzed to back up his female parent to actualize positive child rearing habits, estimating these habits, and the interest for consistence to advance positive practices. The methodology of connection creates between two individuals and is improved by correspondence. It is a cultural relationship which creates among child and adult as part of the security establishing the sentiments of security towards one another. Lorenz ( 1950 ) explored why angel quicken creatures fortified with their female guardians so quickly after birth, he found that newly brought forth ducklings engrave on the primary thing they see and follow that figure as though it were their female parent, Lorenz recommended that there was a touchy period during a goslings life where it would 'fix' on any moving figure . This touchy period was in a flash after the birth. Bowlby ( 1969 ) further built up this hypothesis, his choices lead to the hypothesis that there is other than a touchy period in a people life, and if holding and connection doesn't take topographic point inside the primary mature ages so the child will happen inconvenience sorting out connections in ulterior life. He exp ressed that, even great mothering is about pointless whenever postponed until after the age of over two mature ages ( Bowlby 1969 ) . Bowlby contended against Lorenz s hypothesis in that universes have an interest for a two way affectionate respect, unique in relation to that of ducks however there was a kind of human engraving, ( Lunt and Sylva,1995 p.33 ) a delicate period and an interest to fix on one individual and stay fixed. Bowlby ( 1969 ) other than found that human angels are pulled in to the sight and sound of universes rather than different items and clamors ( Lunt and Sylva,1995 p.45 ) . He other than expressed that an affectionate respect can non be shaped after the age of two mature ages a half year all things considered Tizard ( 1977 ) contended that children could sort out affectionate respects in therefore youth yet brought about forceful, perchance adolescent wrongdoing in immature mature ages and early development. In the review by Anna Freud ( 1950 ) of the stranded Bull Dog Banks kids she inferred that children can create affectionate respects without a female parent or male parent figure and even without a predictable adult The children faired excellently by securing and thinking about one another ( Lunt and Sylva 1995 p.14 ) . These children developed solid affectionate respects with one another and became, all things considered, dependent on one another for security. Anyway no data is thought about any prior holding or affectionate respect with birth guardians, which is a deformity in this examination. Further down the road they got down to compose affectionate respects with adults. This examination was uncertain as no more remote grounds was accessible in the children s later lives to turn out for the last time that the nonappearance of a female parent affectionate respect is significant for ulterior passionate stableness. Harlow ( 1958 ) in his overview of the Rhesus Monkeys contended th at if the underlying bond and, solace, consolation, contact, stableness and reciprotical love is non present so socialization with others is hard, as is having sexual intercourse, and mothering of their ain offspring sometime down the road. Shafer and Emerson ( 1962 ) found that most infants shaped affectionate respects to a few people, related through blood ties or non, and by the age of year and a half children have framed numerous affectionate respects. These affectionate respects depend on the nature of the communication. Children whose female guardians play a clump with them, and give them plentifulness of incitement and unified joining in, create more grounded affectionate respects ( Lunt and Sylva,1995 p.49 ) . A connection creates for perseverance aims, the framing of this connection conceivably hard for a grouping of grounds including, rashness, birth inconveniences, despondency, or hapless youth encounters. The affectionate respect of a child can be decided by the angels response to being isolated from the adult. Ainsworth ( 1978 ) recommended that division appears in changed signifiers, the child might be avoidant, undecided or scattered and disorientated, she proposed this may bear witness to and demo that affectionate respects are either secure or uncertain with the main wellbeing proficient. Each child responds in any case to being isolated from their folks yet all follow a type of dissent, franticness thus withdrawal, this mirrors a child with a positive solid affectionate respect. Following takes topographic point in a flash after or inside long periods of birth, this bond iniates a method called affectionate respect which so begins to create. This bond is set up between a parent and infant, it envelops the solid sentiments of affection and consideration that a female parent or male parent feels toward a child ( Andrews, Murray, 2005.p.2 ) . This early bond is significant for darlings and is viewed as essential for them to have the option to create positive affectionate respects sometime down the road ( Beresford, 2010. p. 4 ) . Newborn child rub meets the of import components that help connection it includes high degrees of oculus contact, skin contact, voicing, angel prompts and The 'move 'of procurement intently around each other ( McClure, 2004. p.50 ) . Newborn child knead permits parent and child to be in a state of harmony with each other. In the event that holding or the approaching of affectionate respect has been postponed because of partition of the parent and child, back rub can help to set up affectionate respect which McClure ( 2004 ) grounds is neer unnecessarily late. A shaky affectionate respect prompts inconveniences in development, overseeing emotions great, and these can be passed on when a parent thinks that its hard to respond satisfactorily to their darlings. Connection is essential for the model constitution of enthusiastic security. The nonappearance of this can take to low inner self respect and an inadequacy to cover with life's difficulties. ( Gerhardt 2004 p.24 ) St. martins guardians were both bit of his initial encounters in his initial months and mature ages. They were each piece antiphonal to Martin, with affectability and consistence, run intoing his essential mental requests each piece great as his enthusiastic and formative requests. Maslow ( 1954 ) Humanistic assault proposes that all universes have complex requests that should be met, get bringing down with physiological requests, the request is hierarchal and every degree should be met before a move can be made upward to self actualising ( see reference section 1 ) . This work was viewed as An unsmooth hands on speculation about the vast majority in most condition of affairss, yet it is non really satisfactory as a record of human intention ( Haynes, 1994 p.435 ) . Erikson ( 1968 ) states that All of life is a progression of difficulties that must be defeated with the goal for us to be at ease with ourselves however non that each challenge would require to be fulfilled before attemp ted another, in any case back uping Maslow trigon that everybody needs to make their conceivable. Rogers ( 1961 ) contends against Maslow and suggests that there are two cardinal human requests, positive regard, to be adored and regarded by another, and besides, self-acknowledgment. Both are essential requests, and these could non be left hidden without mental injury to an individual ( Haynes.1994 p.436 ) . Social larning hypothesis is an assault that is accepted to back up kid create through children larning from others around them, duplicating and designing practices on others. Learning takes topographic point through our cooperations with nature. Feelingss do non do conduct, it is the earth and incitement that do ( Beresford, 2010 p. 2 ) . Our encounters follow up on how we are currently and we will be in the great beyond. Everybody has familial sensitivities towards specific sorts of conduct, it is our encounters which will affect how those tendencies show themselves ( Haynes, 1994 p.728 ) . Impersonation enables a child to assemble data and learn entire types of conduct. A Freudian hypothesis is that a child will put with the parent of a similar sex as themselves a develop of assignment, taking on that singular s uniqueness and demonstrating from them, it is a subtle way where a youthful child retains or absorbs the highlights of another person with no immediate guidance or securin g ( Lunt and Sylva, 1995 p181 ) . Kids are driven by joining in and wagess and will all the more promptly duplicate individual they see remunerated for a conduct or their activities ( Bandura 1969 ) . Kids relate to other people, they consider some to be as being such as themselves as well as other people as various, they may move in a similar way they see the other individual moving thus relating to them, particularly individuals close to them. As children travel through the periods of improvement ( see reference section 2 ) they build up an anxiety of how the head functions, what they can and ca nt make ( their limitations ) and how the memory functions. Kids figure out how to constr

What Is a Conditioned Stimulus

What Is a Conditioned Stimulus Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Conditioned Stimulus in Classical Conditioning By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 22, 2019 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response. Illustration by Emily Roberts, Verywell How Does the Conditioned Stimulus Work? Ivan Pavlov first discovered the process of classical conditioning in his experiments on the digestive response of dogs. He noticed that the dogs naturally salivated in response to food, but that the animals also began to drool whenever they saw the white coat of the lab assistant who delivered the food. The previously neutral stimulus (the lab assistant) had become associated with an unconditioned stimulus (the food) that naturally and automatically triggered a response (salivating). After the neutral stimulus had become associated with the unconditioned stimulus, it became a conditioned stimulus capable of triggering the conditioned response all on its own. Examples Suppose that the smell of food is an unconditioned stimulus and a feeling of hunger is the unconditioned response. Now, imagine that when you smelled your favorite food, you also heard the sound of a whistle. While the whistle is unrelated to the smell of the food, if the sound of the whistle was paired multiple times with the smell, the sound alone would eventually trigger the conditioned response. In this case, the sound of the whistle is the conditioned stimulus. The example above is very similar to the original experiment Pavlov performed. The dogs in his experiment would salivate in response to food, but after repeatedly pairing the presentation of food with the sound of a bell, the dogs would begin to salivate to the sound alone. In this example, the sound of the bell was the conditioned stimulus. There are plenty of examples of how neutral stimuli can become a conditioned stimulus through association with an unconditioned stimulus. Lets explore a few more examples. A hotel concierge begins to respond every time he hears the ringing of a bell. Because the bell has become associated with the sight of customers needing assistance, the bell has become a conditioned stimulus.You are out riding your bike one day and are attacked by a dog. Now, the place where you were attacked has become a conditioned stimulus and you experience fear every time you pass that spot.Students hear the sound of a bell right before they are released for lunch. Eventually, just the sound of the bell alone causes the students to become hungry.You eat a burrito for lunch but become ill shortly after. While the food you ate was previously a neutral stimulus, it becomes a conditioned stimulus through its association with the unconditioned stimulus (illness). As a result, you may develop a taste aversion in which just the idea of eating that same food again causes you to feel ill.The lunch bell rings every day right before class is excused for lunch. After a while, you begin to salivate in anticipation of lunch whenever you hear the bell ring.

Chicano Essay Definition - 1067 Words

The word Chicano involves more than just a cultural identification. There has been a continuity of a discussion of its origins, it meanings, its purpose and its affirmations throughout generations. Through oral history, scattered essays, Chicano studies courses and personal relationships, I have evolved my usage of the word Chicano, as many in history have. Through experience I have learned that social, geographical and economical elements have twisted and turned the meaning according to the moral judgments of the class or national origin. I will utilize my knowledge and life experience as a Chicana to the word Chicano. I did this to illustrate the assignments topic, in that outside factors have a significant effect on the usage and†¦show more content†¦Chicanos felt that as a nation, the history has had some significant Chicano influence that also needed to be recognized and taught within our school system. They also felt that the institutions that let this country function like law enforcement, government and education, were set up to systematically work against the Chicano. This was their way to identify themselves with the struggle against such entities. My grandfather first told me a story about the origins of the word Chicano with the prime intent on steering me away from using the word to identify myself. He said to me that Mexicans joke about the history of the word Chicano through this story. In Mexico, there has existed for long time a small population of Asian descent, primarily from Japanese decent. In Spanish, the word for pig is Cochinitos, and after time the word became shortened, and Mexican farmers started to use the name chinito to refer to a pig. Chinito is also used to refer to people of Asian ancestry, primarily rooting from the term Chinamen which is Chino. Adding the -into at the end of Chino is slang to reference to something smaller than the original noun. Naturally the Asian-Mexican farmers became very offended by the connota tion that their race was pig like. It is said that a Chinito refuted the Mexican slang term by calling his pigs Chicano which is a variation of the indigenous term Mexicano. After hearing this story my grandfather reaffirmed a point that was trying to beShow MoreRelatedTaming Anzalduas Contact Zone Analysis984 Words   |  4 PagesGloria Anzaldua’s essay, â€Å"how to tame a wild tongue†, focuses on the ideas of losing an accent or native language to conform to the dominant culture. Anzaldua grew up in the United States but spoke mostly Spanish, however, her essay discusses how the elements of language began to define her identity and culture. She was living in an English speaking environment, but was not White. She describes the difficulty of straddling the delicate changing language of Chicano Spanish. 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“To what extent do you consider foreign intervention the...

â€Å"To what extent do you consider foreign intervention the most significant barrier to peace between Arabs and Israelis across the period 1900-2000?† Throughout the 20th Century relations between Arabs and Israelis in Palestine have undergone immense tension, change and deterioration, with both parties facing many barriers to peace. Foreign intervention is often listed as one such barrier to this peace. While the importance of foreign intervention cannot be omitted, other factors can be argued to have been both equally and more detrimental to the peace process. These include the founding of the Haganah, the 1948 War after the declaration of the State of Israel, and the rise of political extremism. The aim of this essay is to identify†¦show more content†¦The British were the main force capable of stopping this. With double-crossing measures including the Passfield White Paper of 1930, and the Ramsay-MacDonald â€Å"Black Letter† correspondence of 1931, they failed to do so, meaning their Mandate served to damage and degrade Arab-Israeli relations to a great degree, making it a key barrier to peace at the time and i nto the future. As summarised by Stewart Ross, â€Å"Britain’s inept handling of the mandate, therefore, was a major cause of the future Arab-Israeli conflict†. Britain renounced its Mandate over Palestine on the 15th May 1948. The UN Special Commission on Palestine (UNSCOP) had voted in 1947 for a Partition Plan to divide Palestine into Arab and Jewish states with Jerusalem as an international zone. Mansfield writes that as the British administration left, â€Å"communal fighting broke out immediately and soon developed into full-scale civil war †¦ some three to four hundred thousand refugees streamed in terror towards the neighbouring Arab countries†. On the 14th May the State of Israel was declared and recognised by the UN, leading to what would arguably be the greatest barrier to Middle Eastern peace – the 1948 War, known to Israelis as the War of Independence and to Arabs as al-Naqba (the Catastrophe). Probably the most poignant impact of the 1948 War was the change in the territories in Palestine. At the close of the War, after a sweeping Israeli victory â€Å"the new StateShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmeasures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. 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Cyber Law Its Implementation in Nepal Free Essays

string(294) " of justice and in establishment of habit of obedience in law are the very reason \(along with fact of being once ruled by England or, having accepted Common Law\) that has led a number of countries like America, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Greece and so on to accept the Jury System\." Research Proposal on A COMPARATIVE PROPOSAL FOR TRIAL BY JURY IN NEPALI LEGAL SYSTEM Submitted to BA/LLB Programme Nepal Law Campus Faculty of Law Tribhuvan University Submitted by SauravNath Pant BA/LLB, 3rd Year Roll No. 13 Section: A March 3, 2013 1. 1 Introduction I have always been a firm believer in trial by jury. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Law: Its Implementation in Nepal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Somehow it is ingrained in me. As it is in most Englishmen. It is a lesson which has been handed down from one generation to another during the last 800 years. The trial by jury – a tradition held dear to the British – is a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or, makes findings of fact which are then applied by a judge. It usually comprises of 12 men. The jury system is a system developed in the Common Law, taken as its integral part which mandates that â€Å"No free man shall be captured and or, imprisoned or, disseised of his freehold and or, exiled, or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against him by force or proceed against him by arms, but by the lawful judgement of his peers. † The Jury System can be traced back upto the Greek and the Roman era. The Greeks were succeeded by the Romans while the Roman Empire collapsed. But it is largely the British System that has embodied the Jury System and established it as a tradition of the Common Law System. King William – the Conqueror established the Norman Dynasty in England by his conquest of England in 1066. The Jury System was introduced by a Norman King in England. One day the King was watching the justice delivery process, and noticed that a single judge could not always impart fair justice. Hence he observed that twelve laymen could give better justice than a judge. As a result he asked his advisors to compose a jury of 12 people along with a judge to settle the disputes filed at the court of law. The Magna Carta of 1215 further secured trial by jury stating that, * For a trivial offence, a free man shall be fined only in proportion to the degree of his offence, and for a serious offence correspondingly, but not so heavily as to deprive him of his livelihood. In the same way, a merchant shall be spared his merchandise, and a husbandman the implements of his husbandry, if they fall upon the mercy of a royal court. None of these fines shall be imposed except by the assessment on oath of reputable men of the neighbourhood. * Earls and barons shall be fined only by their equals, and in proportion to the gravity of their offence. * To any man whom we have deprived or dispossessed of lands, castles, liberties, or rights, without the lawful judgement of his equals, we will at once restore these. * If we have deprived or dispossessed any Welshmen of lands, liberties, or anything else in England or in Wales, without the lawful judgement of their equals, these are at once to be returned to them. A dispute on this point shall be determined in the Marches by the judgement of equals. English law shall apply to holdings of land in England, Welsh law to those in Wales, and the law of the Marches to those in the Marches. The Welsh shall treat us and ours in the same way. It has already been stated that the history of Jury System covers over a period of 800 years. During that period the Jury System developed, and changed with time but never discarded. Some instances of its course of development is given below: 1. The Principle of Unanimous: This principle was established in 1367 and it lasted for 600 years until 1967. In 1967, the parliament altered it. The verdict was held valid if the majority was ten to two. 2. The jury were kept without food, heat or light once they retired to consider their verdict. The time –hallowed formula was, ‘Without meat, drink, fire or candle’ 3. Once only reasonable men (with some qualifications) were allowed to sit as juror. Now all people, men or , women, deaf or , blind, honest or, dishonest could sit as jurymen. All who are 18 years of age and are listed to the voter’s list are qualified as jury men. Yes, in the past 800 years or, so the Jury System has changed a lot. So much so that Lord Denning himself considers 19th century to be the golden age of Trial by Jury. But it is not these changes that have led Lord Blackstone in his lectures in 1758 to say: ‘Trial by jury ever has been, and I trust ever will be, looked upon as the glory of the English law†¦. It is the most transcendent privilege which any subject can enjoy, or wish for, that he cannot be affected either in his property, his liberty, or his person, but by the unanimous consent of twelve of his neighbours and equals’ It is the cases decided by the Jury and the way in which one man may be convicted. A person may only be convicted if his equals (or, in the broad sense- the society) finds him to be guilty. Instances have been recorded where the Jury has upheld justice worked for the development of human rights, and even acted as an important check against the state power. The cases will be discussed later but a special mention to the case of ‘the King’s Brewer and the Seven Bishops’ is to be made here. The verdict of the Jury defied the powers of the king and sent the whole of the country into partying. Also the system brings forth the sense of High Drama, into the courtroom. Nevertheless, the advantages offered such as giving ordinary folks their most useful lessons in citizenship, giving the people an active and decisive part in the administration of justice and in establishment of habit of obedience in law are the very reason (along with fact of being once ruled by England or, having accepted Common Law) that has led a number of countries like America, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Greece and so on to accept the Jury System. You read "Cyber Law: Its Implementation in Nepal" in category "Essay examples" Our good motherland, Nepal however has not accepted the Jury System everthough following a moreover mined form or, in its own way a unique form of legal system which is seen to be highly dominated by the Common Law System. 1. 2 Statement of Problem It is a matter of fact that we find in Nepal the large dominance of the Common Law System. Moreover we can say that Nepal has accepted the Common Law System at large. The characteristic feature of the Common Law System such as precedent, the role of the judge, the role of the lawyers, the power in the judges to make the law and also the power in the judge to interpret and enlarge the scope of the law and so on are found in the Neaplese law. They do show the high influence of the Common Law system into the Nepali Legal System. But one major characteristic trait still remains to be embodied into the Nepali Legal Systems, i. e, the Jury System. The notion to forward the need of Jury system in Nepal can also be done through a little change in the consideration. In many countries of continental Europe and Japan the belief that ‘a single judge is not a judge’ has played significant role in strengthening the quality of justice, therefore they normally compose the bench of three judges even at the trial level. At the appellate level hearing by more than half a dozen judges is a common legal practice. This concept of plural adjudication has not been yet accepted in Nepal, exception to the Supreme Court and Appellate Court where normally two judges decide the case. At the trial level, till today, the case is being decided by one judge, which leads to cause imperfect justice and therefore some sort of dis-satisfaction in the people as seen in Nepal. However, here we necessarily do not need to imply that the Jury system as seen in England is necessary but we may say more definitely and positively, for example: Japanese did not follow the Jury System but accepted the idea of securing assistance from the assistant judges and study groups. Instead of Jury, the Chinese accepted the concept of People Assessors and Judicial Committees making them responsible to find the truth in the case. Even the Indian courts, on some ocassions, have begun to compose such study groups and accept the rule of public participation particularly in the LokAdalat. Public participation is an important aspect for the growth in the Judicial culture. Here the Jury will pay a great role to develop public confidence toward justice system. Our system in delivery in justice is incomplete and the incomplete thing could not give complete achievement. Hence, is it not reasonable for Nepal to accept the Jury System? Similarly, the research paper also looks to find the answer to whether creation public participation can cause to solve the dissatisfaction seen towards the Judicial system. In Nepal, we also have the problem of taking any concept as an end and not as a means towards an end. The research paper will also look to give solution towards how we can establish the Jury System as a means towards an end and thus find solution towards some of the existing problems in the Judiciary. It looks to give suggestion towards the form in which we can apply the Jury System in Nepal. 1. Hypothesis History is the past wisdom and a storehouse of knowledge. It helps to understand the past, the coming up to the present time and also predict for the future. Nepal is a lucky country as historically she is very rich. The history of Nepal seems to date back way before the time of Lord Krishna and Mahabharata. We also find the mentioning of Nepal in the Vedas. Nepal may not have the concept as known to the world by the name of Jury System. But Nepal certainly has the fundamental notion of the Jury System known to her and to the history as the Panchayat. The adjudication of dispute by the people themselves was done in the Kirat and Lichhavi period through Panchalika and Grampanchayat. This concept fundamental to our land had been lost and resurrected by King Mahendra in the 2019 B. S. constitution. So, it is not necessary as a whole to name the concept next to be introduced in the Judicial System as the Jury System but we can always give the name retaining the portion of history and culture and giving it to some extent the Nepali touch. The concept can be ours and we can always borrow the wisdom of Great Britain for practical usage. Hence, basically the merging up of the system into the Judiciary will give rise to our own set of the Jury System. The 2019 B. S. Constitution had established the various level of Panchayat formally. It was taken moreover as an Administrative body than a judicial one. It had some judicial function. It will only be doing justice to the history if we are to summon once again the local people as Panchayat to participate in the justice administration as a variation of the Jury System. Similarly, while looking towards the notion through the economic standpoint, we are to look at the history of the system in Britain. Its development will certainly give solution to the problem. If we are not to accept the whole developed form and research upon the form in which we can accept, then and only then can we establish the Jury System to serve as a means towards an end. The system should suit the country and be accepted by taking into consideration the conditions prevalent in Nepal. The functioning of the system should also be somewhat which will suit our country. For example: we should be able to decide what to what ratio verdict will convict the accused. Similarly, the qualification should also be made taking into consideration of the people. For example: at first instance, all should be qualified but only for the small types of crime. For complex cases of fraud, expert panel should be created or, at least people who can understand should be selected. The internal functioning should be designed to meet the need. The key issue in the research will be amalgamating tradition into the jury, establishing a more need suited Jury System taking into consideration the country as a whole and also to find solution to the economic problem that may arise from accepting the Jury System. However, initially the research paper will establish the Jury System as a positive way forward. 1. 4 General and Specific Objective The objective in general of this study is to establish the need of jury system in the judicial organ of the State and establish it as a positive way forward for the country. The research paper will look to show how this time tested formula will help the people and the State as a whole. At first instance the Jury System looks to work as a check against the State power. But side-by-side it also will be educating the people. The study has the following three specific objectives: 1. To study and recommend ways by which the jury can be made economically viable. 2. To suggest the way in which the Panchayat concept and the jury system be amalgamated in order to form an Anglo-Nepal hybrid Jury System. 3. The research paper will also look to furnish the plan of action: such as the majority needed for conviction, the expertise needed to sit as a juror in complex cases and/or, political cases, the way in which prejudices can be removed and so on. 1. 5 Rationale of Study The main rationale of the study is the need to analyse the Jury system – its pros and cons, its obstacle for acceptance in Nepal and possible solutions and the format in which it is to be applied. Similarly, the research paper also looks to analyse how the acceptance will affect the Judiciary, common people and the nation as a whole. 1. 6 Limitations of Study This study is limited to comparative analysis of the pros and cons of the jury system. This study is also limited in the historical analysis of our own variation of the jury system along with economic problem and the form in which the clay is to be moulded i. . , the working analysis of the system. 1. 7 Research Methodology This study is based on doctrinal method of scientific research. Hence the research methods of field survey and primary empirical data gathering are not applied. Rather it is textually driven. 1. 8 Organisation of Study For the purpose of conducting the study on the topic, the Seminar Paper will be divi ded into five chapters: * Chapter 1 deals with the introduction of the jury system and the views pertaining to the system. Chapter 2 deals with explaining the necessity of jury system in Nepal * Chapter 3 deals with Nepal’s own experience in history with a Nepali variation of the system * Chapter 4 deals with problems that may arise if we are to accept the system * Finally, the last Chapter 5 is the concluding chapter which looks to furnish suggestions for the way in which the jury system can be adopted and the problems be countered. 1. 9 Literature Review For the purpose of the research, I have gone through the following research works, books, constitutions and websites. 1. A research paper by Krishna Prasad Sharma Nepal on ‘Restructuring of the Judiciary in Nepal with special reference to Access to Justice’. Here the author has suggested for restructuring of the judiciary in Nepal, which my work also looks to do. He had not touched upon the issue of jury and my paper looks to do so. 2. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, London: Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1982: In this book the author had highlighted upon the jury system and its tradition. He has also mentioned some of the cases decided by jury having high national significance. He also has given the development and certain rules pertaining to the jury system. Similarly, he has given suggestions for improvement. This book is the major source from where the inspiration to write the research paper has been drawn. 3. BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Academic Publications, 2000: In this book the author has analysed the development of Nepali law and also has pointed out some problems which have created dissatisfaction among the people in the judiciary. 4. RevatiramanKhanal, NepalkoKanooniItihaskoRooprekha, Kathmandu: Appollo Offset Press Pvt. Ltd. ,2059 B. S. : In this book the complete history of Nepal’s legal system has been sketched. From this book, I have taken the fact about the historical concept of the Panchayat and come up with the idea of amalgamation into jury system. 5. Rene David, Major Legal System in the World Today, London: Stevens and Sons Ltd, 1985: In this book the various major legal systems have been analysed. This book helped me understand some of the major characters of the Common Law System. 6. Constitution of Nepal, 2019 B. S. , has also helped in the research for this is the constitution which has formally accepted the Panchayat notion though in a completely different notion in which I purpose to use it. 7. Some websites have really been helpful, most prominently the Wikipedia and also ones linking the Wikipedia with original materials used in the article. Bibliography 1. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, London: Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1982 2. Bishal Khanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Academic Publications, 2000 3. Revatiraman Khanal, NepalkoKanooniItihaskoRooprekha, Kathmandu: Appollo Offset Press Pvt. Ltd. ,2059 B. S. 4. Rene David, Major Legal System in the World Today, London: Stevens and Sons Ltd, 1985 5. Blackstone Commentries Vol. III ——————————————– [ 2 ]. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London: Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, p. 33. [ 3 ]. Lysander Spooner in his essay on â€Å"The Trial by Jury† [ 4 ]. Samons, Loren J. (2007). The Cambridge companion to the Age of Pericles. Cambridge University Press. pp. 244, 246. ISBN  978-0-521-80793-7. ttp://books. google. com/books? id=QAePyZ_Z1WkCpg=PA244lpg=PA244dq=dikastai+501+citizens#v=onepageq=dikastai%20501%20citizensf=false. [ 5 ]. Acilian Law on the Right to Recovery of Property Officially Extorted, 122 B. C. http://avalon. law. yale. edu/ancient/acilian_law. asp [ 6 ]. Rene David, Major Legal Systems in the Wo rld Today, 1985, London: Stevens and Sons Ltd, p. 311. [ 7 ]. BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, 2000, Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Academic Publications, p. 35. [ 8 ]. Magna Carta of 1215 – http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/source/magnacarta. html [ 9 ]. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London: Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, p. 37. [ 10 ]. Ibid, p. 37. [ 11 ]. Ibid, p. 62. [ 12 ]. Commentries III, p. 379. [ 13 ]. Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London: Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, pp. 36-52. [ 14 ]. Ibid, p. 33. [ 15 ]. America has embodied the jury system in its constitution. Their Constitution in 1971 Article VI and VII enshrined the provision as being handed down to them by the UK. [ 16 ]. BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, 2000, Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Academic Publications, p. 38. [ 17 ]. Ibid, p. 38. [ 18 ]. Ibid, p. 40. [ 19 ]. For example: We can see the Parliamentary System adopted in Nepal. The exact copy that of the UK. But what we don’t wish to understand is that the concept of the system was rooted in 1215 with the signing of Magna Carta where we find it was accepted that ‘All men are born free and equal’ and ‘No taxation without representation’. But in Britain the concept gradually developed and from the Glorious Revolution the form came into as a living organism giving the Parliament the sole power. It took a span of more than 400 years. Similarly, also is the case with Political Parties. The wigs and Tories when they were formed, the King himself used to address the General Meeting and Mass Meeting during the election and ask for the people to vote for Tories who were the supporter of the King. Again one noted example will have to be Cormwell’s dissolution of the Upper House to kill King Charles I. Theoretically, the Upper House is a permanent body. They all show any concept is not an end but a means towards achieving an end. [ 20 ]. It is known that Nepal at some point of time was ruled by the Gopal Dynasty who came here along with Lord Krishna. [ 21 ]. Revati Raman How to cite Cyber Law: Its Implementation in Nepal, Essay examples

Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham Essay Example

Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham Essay My aim is to find out if people have different ideas of what racism is. Can race affect the perceptions of racism of Newham youth? I intend to interview several Newham youths, from different races and cultures to find out what they believe racism is and why. A study by E.J Rose et al shows that racism differs depending on your social group, which is why I want to do this research. My research has social significance because racism is still a problem in multicultural areas, and as Newham is a multicultural area my research could offer explanations or racism. My theoretical approach is interpretist. (105 words) CONTEXT AND CONCEPTS My first article is The institute of Race Relations 1969 report by Rose et al, from the book Sociology themes and perspectives by Haralambos and Holborn. Rose et al carried out research to discover how widespread racist beliefs are amongst individuals. The research involved a questionnaire asking four key questions about discrimination of West Indians, Indians and Pakistanis. The respondents were then divided into four categories depending on how prejudice they were. Rose and his fellow researchers found six differences. Amongst these, were that women were slightly more tolerant than men and Conservative voters were more prejudice than Labour voters. Their results prove that social groups do have different perceptions of racism, which is why I want to know if race affects perceptions of racism. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My second article is from a National Educational Association, which I found from a textbook called Contemporary moral issues. This is a particularly interesting article for my research because it suggests that White people are frequently racist without knowing. It says, When we discriminate, we are racist. When we live in a segregated neighbourhood, we are being racist. When we avoid friendships because of race, when we use racist language, when we tell jokes based on racial stereotypes, we are being racist. Racial stereotyping is labelling people and thinking they will be a particular way because of physical characteristics. This article is important for my proposal, because I need to understand all forms of racism to see how far people will agree with them. My proposed research aims to explore different social constructions of racism. The concept Racism is believing or acting as though an individual or group is superior or inferior on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin. Usually due to skin colour or other physical characteristics, and suggesting that groups defined as inferior have lower intelligence and abilities. This is the official definition, the reality for some groups is different, which is why my argument is that different people understand racism differently. Some people, therefore, are arguably racist without realising it. My aim is to find out how race can affect someones attitude towards racism. The idea of race refers to the attempt to divide humans into different racial groups according to physical characteristics. Sociologists generally regard this as a pointless exercise as it doesnt explain human culture. This is because human behaviour is largely due to socialisation not physical characteristics. Despite this race is a major source of identity. Does this race identity mean people view racism differently? (417 words) MAIN RESEARCH METHOD AND REASONS My main research method will be the same as Anne Oakley and Hannah Gavron, that is, in-depth unstructured interviews. These two women benefited from the rapport that they established with their interviewees, which is something that I hope to achieve. My theoretical approach is interperatist and is in the style of Howard S. Becker (1963) Outsiders. I will interview 10/20 people from Newham. These people would be youths, aged between 16 and 18, and they will have to represent the ethnic mix in Newham. The significance of Newham, is not only because I live there which means I could offer my own experiences of racism to my proposal, but also because it is a very multicultural area. This means that I will be able to get people from all ethnic groups to participate in my research. When I do my interviews, I will be doing them as if the interviewee and myself are just having a normal conversation. I will ask the interviewee a series of open-ended questions, where their answer to one question will lead to my next question. I have chosen a qualitative method, so my research will be very valid. This is because I am asking for an opinion, so my interviewees will be able to give a better, more valid answer to them. I will tape-record my interviews so that the interviewees can talk freely, I will try to find out things like what they think racism is, and why, I would like to know if they have experienced racism personally, or if they know someone who has and I would also like to know how racist they think Newham is. It is important to let people speak for themselves to understand exactly how they feel about racism, as everyone is different, and they couldnt express their true feelings in a questionnaire, and statistics of racist attacks dont explain why racism exists. After I get my results I might be able to see if someones race does affect their idea of racism, and I might also be able to explain why racism exists in Newham. However, I have to remember that I have used a very small sample group, so it might be useful for a future study, to write up a small questionnaire, asking people if they agree with some of the more important ideas put forward by the interviewees. (395 words) POTENTIAL PROBLEMS The gender of my interviewees could become a problem, because boys and girls generally have different attitudes towards most aspects of life. This is a problem because it could bring in how gender affects perceptions of racism, which I dont want to happen because it would complicate things and it would draw away from what my research is all about. However, my proposal is about youth perceptions of racism, so I will use both sexes and avoid the gender issue. Another problem could be my influence on the interviewee, I must be careful not to influence their answer. This poses a bigger problem for when I ask questions to people outside of my race, because they might not speak their mind, to avoid offending me. The setting of the interview, may affect it, so I would have to talk to the interviewee on their familiar grounds, to avoid intimidating them. It would also take a long time to set up and carry out the interviews, find the sample and then compare all of my results. Because my research method is qualitative it lacks reliability. So I might not get the answer I want. I also wont be able to generalise my results because I havent used a big enough sample group. Recruiting my interviewees could pose a problem, because I need one person per ethnic group from Newham. I know people from most of the ethnic groups, but for the rest I would need to look for people in college. I have to make sure that the interviews are kept confidential, because some of the interviewees might have racist opinions that they dont want anyone to know. From this, another problem could arise, that is, can I guarantee confidentiality. What if one of my interviewees tells me about a racist attack they were part of.

Pride And Prejudice Jane Austen English Literature Essay Essays

Pride And Prejudice Jane Austen English Literature Essay Essays Pride And Prejudice Jane Austen English Literature Essay Paper Pride And Prejudice Jane Austen English Literature Essay Paper and her oldest sister Jane, because of the manner she see merely the good in others. Elizabeth get in love with Mr. Darcy, a handsome, tall, and intelligent, but instead antisocial individual, he is a good known work forces who belongs to a high societal category. The lone thing that she does nt wish about him is his inordinate pride, and that is why their relationship gets into many problems doing each character to see the other one differences during the novel and seeking to work out them so they can eventually remain together. Jane Bennet is the oldest of the Bennet sister, she is non the most cagey but she is considered the most beautiful and reasonable of all the sisters that is why she is favored by Mrs. Bennet ( her female parent, who is frivolous and her chief aspiration in life is to get married her girls off good ) .Jane gets in love with Mr. Bingley, a rich adult male who late moved to Hertfordshire, Mrs. Bennet accept the relationship merely because he is a work forces with a batch of money, but Mr. Darcy who is Mr. Bingley best friend, ever seek to protect feels their love is non equal and he does nt desire to see Bingley acquire hurt that is why he seek to divide them, but thanks to Elizabeth, Mr. Darcy realises his error and brings back Bingley who so marries Jane. The secret plan of the narrative occurs on how the relationship of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy changes, it is finally distinct when Darcy overcomes his pride, and Elizabeth overcomes her bias and they both overcome their differences and judgements to fall in love with each other. The ambiance of the novel is really interesting because it is non a typical romantic narrative, and the people really had a different manner to act on that clip. Like the manner the adult females s in that period where really interested on the money, so they can hold a good life style. Another point is that it is non so deadening because the relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy has a really interesting alteration, because of the pride of him and the bias of she, destiny makes a struggle with the features of each one, and merely by work outing their jobs, they can eventually acquire in love. At the beginning of the narrative is when Mr. Bingley moves to England and met the Bennet s household, there is where he talks for the first clip with Jane Bennet, and experience a connexion between them, evidently Mrs. Bennet is interested in that relationships, because she wants a good life style for her girls and that is why she make everything to fall in them, but she does nt believe in the sentiment of Mr. Bingley s best friend named Mr. Darcy who ever take attention about him. Mr. Darcy feel and think that the relation between Jane Bennet and Mr. Bingley is non love, and that she is merely interested in the money she will hold by get marrieding with him. And that is why he started to judge the Bennet household with a bad construct, and seek to divide Mr. Bingley of Jane Bennet, even though they are truly in both, and she is non interested in his money. During the development Mr. Darcy, ever do a bad justice of this household, but when he met Elizabeth, he started to alter his head, Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth are forced to be in each other s company, in different state of affairss, and there is where he get down to acquire in love with her. But Elizabeth does non experience the same at him, that is because he is seeking to divide her sisters love of her, and she start to experience hatred to him, at last she changes Mr. Darcy s head and convince him that her sister Jane will be a good married woman for Mr. Bingley, and that she is non like her female parent, that means that she is non interested in his money, because he genuinely love him. Mr. Darcy changes his head and accepts the relation between his friend and Jane Bennet, so they eventually stay together. And between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, they eventually solve the jobs and get the better of their differences and judgements, so Elizabeth sentiment of him alteration and they can eventually fall in love with each other. I think the strengths of this book is that possibly it is non a normal romantic narrative like other novels are based on, and the failings, could be that possibly non everyone is interested on reading romantic novels. This book truly keep my interested, because of the manner it is explained, and the state of affairss that happen during the narrative, I can non state it impact me, because I do non truly experience the narrative moved me, it can be because, the struggle in the novel, is non truly possible to go on to me, and the manner the people behave on that clip is non the manner the people behave now a yearss. My sentiment of this book, is that it is a truly interesting romantic novel, that can explicate how times have changed, and how people behaved many old ages ago, at the same clip that it speak about the differences that exist between the pride and bias of two people, that by work outing their differences they both get in love. I do urge this novel for people that judge people before cognizing them, and the 1s that have a batch of pride!

The Battle of Fort Niagara in the French and Indian War

The Battle of Fort Niagara in the French and Indian War Following his defeat at the  Battle of Carillon  in July 1758, Major General James Abercrombie was replaced as the British commander in North America that fall. To take over, London turned to  Major General Jeffery Amherst  who had recently  captured the French fortress of Louisbourg. For 1759 campaign season, Amherst established his headquarters below Lake Champlain and planned a drive against  Fort Carillon  (Ticonderoga) and north to the St. Lawrence River. As he advanced, Amherst intended for  Major General James Wolfe  to advance up the St. Lawrence to attack Quebec. To support these two thrusts, Amherst directed additional operations against the western forts of New France. For one of these, he ordered Brigadier General John Prideaux to take a force through western New York to assault Fort Niagara. Assembling at Schenectady, the core of Prideauxs command consisted of the 44th and 46th Regiments of Foot, two companies from the 60th (Royal Americans), and a company of Royal Artillery. A diligent officer, Prideaux worked to ensure the secrecy of his mission as he knew if the Native Americans learned of his destination it would be communicated to the French. Conflict Dates The Battle of Fort Niagara was fought July 6 to July 26, 1759, during the French Indian War (17654-1763). Armies Commanders at Fort Niagara British Brigadier General John PrideauxSir William Johnson3,945 men French Captain Pierre Pouchot486 men The French at Fort Niagara First occupied by the French in 1725, Fort Niagara had been improved during the course of the war and was situated on a rocky point at the mouth of the Niagara River. Guarded by a 900-ft. battlement that was anchored by three bastions, the fort was garrisoned by slightly less than 500 French regulars, militia, and Native Americans under the command of Captain Pierre Pouchot. Though Fort Niagaras eastward defenses were strong, no effort was made to fortify Montreal Point across the river. Though he had possessed a larger force earlier in the season, Pouchot had forwarded troops west believing his post safe. Advancing to Fort Niagara Departing in May with his regulars and a force of colonial militia, Prideaux was slowed by high waters on the Mohawk River. Despite these difficulties, he succeeded in reaching the ruins of Fort Oswego on June 27. Here he joined with a force of around 1,000 Iroquois warriors which had been recruited by Sir William Johnson. Holding a provincial colonels commission, Johnson was a noted colonial administrator with a specialty in Native American affairs and an experienced commander who had won the Battle of Lake George in 1755. Wishing to have a secure base in his rear, Prideaux ordered the destroyed fort to be rebuilt. Leaving a force under Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Haldimand to complete the construction, Prideaux and Johnson embarked in a fleet of boats and Bateaux and began rowing west along the south shore of Lake Ontario. Evading French naval forces, they landed on three miles from Fort Niagara at the mouth of Little Swamp River on July 6. Having achieved the element of surprise he desired, Prideaux had the boats portaged through the woods to a ravine south of the fort known as La Belle-Famille. Moving down the ravine to the Niagara River, his men began transporting artillery to the west bank. The Battle of Fort Niagara Begins: Moving his guns to Montreal Point, Prideaux began construction of a battery on July 7. The next day, other elements of his command began building siege lines opposite Fort Niagaras eastern defenses. As the British tightened the noose around the fort, Pouchot dispatched messengers south to Captain Franà §ois-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery asking him to bring a relief force to Niagara. Though he had refused a surrender demand from Prideaux, Pouchot was unable to keep his contingent of Niagara Seneca from negotiating with the British-allied Iroquois. These talks ultimately led to the Seneca leaving the fort under a flag of truce. As Prideauxs men pushed their siege lines closer, Pouchot anxiously awaited word of Lignerys approach. On July 17, the battery at Montreal Point was completed and British howitzers opened fire on the fort. Three days later, Prideaux was killed when one of the mortars burst and part of the exploding barrel struck his head. With the generals death, Johnson assumed command, though some of the regular officers, including the 44ths Lieutenant Colonel Eyre Massey, were initially resistant. No Relief for Fort Niagara: Before the dispute could be fully resolved, news arrived in the British camp that Lignery was approaching with 1,300-1,600 men. Marching out with 450 regulars, Massey reinforced a colonial force of around 100 and built an abatis barrier across the portage road at La Belle-Famille. Though Pouchot had advised Lignery to advance along the west bank, he insisted on using the portage road. On July 24, the relief column encountered Masseys force and around 600 Iroquois. Advancing on the abatis, Lignerys men were routed when British troops appeared on their flanks and opened with a devastating fire. As the French retreated in disarray they were set upon by the Iroquois who inflicted heavy losses. Among the multitude of French wounded was Lignery who was taken prisoner. Unaware of the fighting at La Belle-Famille, Pouchot continued his defense of Fort Niagara. Initially refusing to believe reports that Lignery had been defeated, he continued to resist. In an effort to convince the French commander, one of his officers was escorted into the British camp to meet with the wounded Lignery. Accepting the truth, Pouchot surrendered on July 26. The Aftermath of the Battle of Fort Niagara: In the Battle of Fort Niagara, the British sustained 239 killed and wounded while the French incurred 109 killed and wounded as well as 377 captured. Though he had wished to be allowed to depart for Montreal with the honors of war, Pouchot and his command were instead taken to Albany, NY as prisoners of war. The victory at Fort Niagara was the first of several for British forces in North America in 1759. As Johnson was securing Pouchots surrender, Amhersts forces to the east were taking Fort Carillon before advancing on Fort St. Frederic (Crown Point). The highlight of the campaign season came in September when Wolfes men won the Battle of Quebec.

Advanced pharmacology case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced pharmacology case study - Assignment Example It is recommended that a patient suffering from this kind of diseases should be disciplined as far as observing any medical dose or attention is concerned. Especially if a patient is suffering from diseases which take long to heal or sometimes do not heal at all like diabetes 2, the patient is supposed to observe the medical directions as prescribed by the doctor. Diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart failure diabetes 2 and ulcers should be keenly be attended with the right prescription from the doctor or medical expert. Patients should been keen to follow the medical instruction from the physician concerned and if in any case they doubt their reaction with medicine, then they should consult the physician concerned (Blobel, 2009). This paper is going to discus the background and history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and paroxysmal a trial fibrillation patient who is suffering from all this diseases and tries seek a possible direction about how the medication should be followed by the people suffering from this kind of diseases. Atrial fibrillation is caused by rapid or irregular heartbeat and sometimes it can be paroxysmal or something which cannot end in nature thus permanent. It is usually caused by the failure of the heart tissues or nodes. The automatic heart nervous system dysfunction or sometimes it can be a combination of both. This condition involves chaotic movement of arterial impulses and thus loss of synchrony between the atria and verticals. This kind of irregular heart beat is usually caused by heart abnormality that causes the heart to fail from taking regular heart beats as it should be doing. The electrical impulses across the atria occur abnormally thus causing the failure. This kind of disease at some turn to be resistant an persist then go to a permanent

Challenges Faces Holiday Inn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Challenges Faces Holiday Inn - Essay Example As the discussion highlights to  improve on sales of the restaurant, management decided to change their brand name. The action was intended to change the perception of the guests. Changing the perception of the guests would improve on sales. The increase in sales will be an outcome from fooling guests that the products in this case, which are pizza, are from a different restaurant ‘Napoli pizza’. Management of the restaurant also decided on changing delivery boxes to the room service. They also changed the brochures for each guesthouse to indicate ‘Napoli pizza’ and their phone number had a different prefix and would be as ‘Napoli pizza.  In marketing, various ethical issues should be adhered in the process of business. In this case, various marketing ethics issues were violated. Firstly, the management of Holiday inn restaurant fooled their customers by temporarily changing their brand name to ‘Napoli pizza’ with the aim of increasing sales to maximize profit. The practice was contrary to marketing ethics that requires businesses to advertize their products in promoting honesty, fairness, and responsibility. In this case, management of the restaurant failed to take the responsibility of marketing to promote their sales and instead put on a fake brand name. Another ethical issue arose from the restaurant using another organizations name without their authorization. The act resulted into disrespect and violation of the marketing and business ethics. Secondly, the restaurant provided brochures with a fake name to impress their customers and at the same time boost sale sales in the room service. The management did not show their real identity to their customers in the guesthouses and faked their delivery boxes.  

Gas Laws Essay -- Chemistry Gas Gasses Essays Science

Gas Laws Since the days of Aristotle, all substances have been classified into one of three physical states. A substance having a fixed volume and shape is a solid. A substance, which has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape, is a liquid; liquids assume the shape of their container but do not necessarily fill it. A substance having neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume is a gas; gases assume both the shape and the volume of their container. The structures of gases, and their behavior, are simpler than the structures and behavior of the two condensed phases, the solids and the liquids Pressure and the Law of Boyle Quantitative measurements on gases were first made in a rational manner by the English chemist Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691). The instruments used by Boyle to measure pressure were two: the manometer, which measures differences in pressure, and the barometer, which measures the total pressure of the atmosphere. A manometer is simply a bent piece of tubing, preferably glass with one end closed. When the liquid level in both arms is the same, the pressure of the sample of gas inside the closed end must equal the pressure of the external atmosphere since the downward force on the two columns of liquid is then equal. When the liquid levels are unequal, the pressures must differ. The difference in pressure can be measured in units of length of the vertical column of liquid. The mm Hg, or its modern version the torr, originated in this use of the manometer. Mercury is particularly convenient for use in manometers (and barometers) because at room temperature it has low vapor pressure, does not wet glass, and has a high density. Other liquids such as linseed oil or water have also been used in manometers. The barometer is a device for measuring the total pressure of the atmosphere. A primitive barometer can easily be constructed by taking a glass tube about a meter long, sealing one end, filling the tube completely with mercury, placing your thumb firmly over the open end, and carefully inverting the tube into an open dish filled with mercury. The mercury will fall to a height independent of the diameter of the tube and a vacuum will be created above it. The height of the mercury column will be the height which the atmospheric pressure can support. The standard atmospheric pressure, one atmosphere (atm), is 760 mm Hg but the actua... ... taking enough chemistry, you will see it showing up over and over and over. The Numerical Value for R R's value can be determined many ways. This is just one way: Assume we have 1.000 mol of a gas at STP. The volume of this amount of gas under the conditions of STP is known to a high degree of precision. We will use the value of 22.414 L. By the way, 22.414 L at STP has a name. It is called "molar volume." It is the volume of ANY ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure. (Siebring, Richard, Page 54) Let's plug our numbers into the equation: (1.000 atm) (22.414 L) = (1.000 mol) (R) (273.15 K) Notice how atmospheres were used as well as the exact value for standard temperature. Solving for R gives 0.08206 L atm / mol K, when rounded to four significant figures. This is usually enough. Remember the value. You'll need it for problem solving. Notice the weird unit on R: say out loud "liter atmospheres per mole Kelvin." This is not the only value of R that can exist. It depends on which units you select. Those of you that take more chemistry than high school level will meet up with 8.3145 Joules per mole Kelvin, but that's for another time.

Performance Management and Executive Compensation Essay

Introduction In the history of modern economies, from the late 1800s to today businesses have faced ethical challenges regarding compensation for executives and its relation to job performance. In response to major economic crises during the 20th century, the United States enacted broad-based legislation measures as attempts to prevent what were seen as ethical challenges and agency conflicts surrounding both performance management and executive compensation. To understand the current issues facing businesses and regulators, it is important to look at three of most significant legislative acts Congress has passed. The Securities Exchange Acts of 1933 and 1934, as well as the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 represent legislative interventions regarding corporate financial accounting toward the goal of curtailing the ethical challenges and the conflict of agency problems that can arise from performance management and executive compensation. Yet even after these laws were enacted, ethical conflicts can and still do arise when it comes to the compensation for employers and executives. Securities Act of 1933 The Securities Act of 1933 was born in response to the stock market crash of 1929. Just as it was then, companies who issue securities to raise money for funding new investments or to expand operations have an inherent incentive to present their company and its plans in the rosiest light possible to investors (Sarkar, 2013). The Securities Act of 1933 serves the dual purpose of ensuring that issuers of securities to the public disclose material information to investors as well as ensuring that any securities transactions are not based on fraudulent information or practices (Sarkar, 2013). The Securities Act of 1933 affects public disclosures through a mandatory registration process for sellers and brokers and applies to the sale or trade of any regulated security type (Sarkar, 2013). Securities Act of 1934 (a.k.a. the Exchange Act) The Exchange Act primarily regulates transactions of securities that take place after its initial offering by a company (Sarkar, 2013). These transactions often take place between parties other than the issuer, such as through trades that retail investors execute via brokerage firms (Sarkar, 2013). The biggest effect of The Exchange Act was the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a federal agency responsible for regulating the securities markets (Sarkar, 2013). Since 1934, the SEC has taken on the role of mitigating fraud, abuse, and other ethical issues in the financial reporting of publicly traded entities. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 was the most significant legislation passed since the 1930s and came in the aftermath of the corporate scandals at companies such as Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Andersen (Amadeo, 2013). Sarbanes-Oxley created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), a new organization whose purpose is to help oversee the accounting industry (Amadeo, 2013). To prevent the sort of conflicts of interest that had led to the Enron fraud, SOX established new prohibitions for auditors when engaging in consultation work for their auditing clients. It also banned company loans to executives and gave increased job protections to whistleblowers (Amadeo, 2013). Performance Management and Executive Compensation Even after the passing of the Securities and Exchanges Acts of 1933 and 1934 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, there are reasons to be concerned about ethical violations in financial accounting. Two areas where there still exist possibilities for unethical activity which could harm the supply of reliable information to investors are the performance management within a company and the compensation packages of executives. Current Ethical Challenges When evaluating situations to support ethical decision-making, one must first identify the ethical problems as they arise (Eldenburg, 2005). Performance measurements are most often measured in terms of time or financial figures – â€Å"how long† or â€Å"how much.† When selecting a new CEO, the board of directors is required to offer a financial package that is both lucrative enough to attract the most qualified individual and yet also appears fair to other ranking executives of the company. Such financial packages need to be approved by the major shareholders when the salary will impact the company’s financial reports. During an economic recession, firms may significantly downsize their workforce as well as benefits and labor rates employees receive, yet often find themselves contractually obligated to hand-out large bonuses and increasing salaries for their executives. This is potentially a major ethical issue for a company and its executives, with the fibers of the company being reduced while executives are earning more and more – even though the firm is struggling. â€Å"CEOs at the country’s 200 largest companies earned an average of 20 percent more last year than in 2009, according to recent corporate filings. By comparison, average pay for workers in the private sector rose just 2.1 percent last year—nearly the smallest increase in decades† (Harkinson, 2011). It is also not unheard of for CEOs to be forced to step down while still receiving their lucrative compensation packages only to also be given a generous â€Å"golden parachute† as they leave. Excesses like this can have detrimental effects on employee morale as the majority of the company often consists of those earning the least. Boards of directors should take into consideration the financial standing of the firm before they offer an over-the-top compensation package to a CEO. As an illustration of the contrary, Steve Jobs volunteered to work at Apple for a salary of only $1 per year: â€Å"A regulatory filing shows Apple CEO Steve Jobs’ compensation package remained the usual $1 in fiscal 2010†¦ as is customary, Jobs got no bonus or perk† (â€Å"Steve Jobs,† n.d.). In terms of ethical challenges and executive compensation, Jobs proved by his example that it is possible to put the company first – even if that meant earning a salary of $1. CEOs do not often have to settle for such low salaries to show leadership and camaraderie; however, accepting less exorbitant amounts can help avoid accusations of greed and impropriety altogether. Current Agency Issues â€Å"Principals hire agents to make decisions for them and to act in their behalf† (Eldenburg, & Wolcott, 2005, pp. 591). Often, agents may go on to hire agents of their own, delegating authority and establishing sub-units known as responsibility centers which can decentralize decision-making and accountability. A particularly special case of the principal-agent relationship involves the executives of companies who are effectively agents of the shareholders selected to run the company. â€Å"Four common types of responsibility centers are cost centers, revenue centers, profit centers, and investment centers.† (Eldenburg & Wolcott, 2005, pp. 595) Those agents who possess decision-making authority over a responsibility center use demographic financial data provided by the accountants for budgets and reviews of sales, profits/losses, value appraisals, and costs. Accountant and audit provided information is used to evaluate and measure performance, monitor the effectiveness of managers, reward performance, and influence decisions. (Eldenburg & Wolcot, 2005) The audit information accountants prepare and present is vital to the principal/agent relationship and performance measurement, but also has its costs. The primary challenge presented by the principal/agent relationship concerns the high level of pressure to perform that an agent can experience in the form of the agent’s compensation. Money, as well as other forms of compensation such as bonuses and stock options, increased authority, and ownership expectations are direct motivators of challenges to the ethical foundation of agent performance. When principals evaluate the performance of agents, their decisions are likely to be based on the same accounting information their agents also used. This common use provides a potential incentive for an agent to alter, falsify, or otherwise misrepresent certain data that principals receive. As decision-making authority is granted from a principle to an agent, the agent’s performance is evaluated to some degree from each authority level. Evaluating the effectiveness of the decisions made in each agency level or responsibility center is the core of measuring, monitoring, and motivating performance. Poor performance leads to a loss of decision-making authority, responsibilities, compensation, and other benefits within the entire principal-agent structure. Conversely, outstanding performance has the opposite effect and benefits everyone up the principal-agent ladder. Conclusion The Securities Exchange Acts of 1933 and 1934 are essential because of their transparency as spelled out in their objectives, and for providing prospective investors detailed information about investment decisions. Their main purpose was to protect shareholders from misrepresentation and scam in the selling of security. The Acts mandated that securities sold to the public within the United States of America must be listed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Later, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was established to make sure that CFOs and CEOs authenticate and approve the financial reporting of their companies. Despite these monumental pieces of regulation, which resulted in the creation of two separate oversight agencies, there are still situations susceptible to ethical challenges and agency issues; particularly concerning performance management and executive compensation. References Amadeo, K; 2013. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Retrieved from http://useconomy.about.com/od/themarkets/p/sarbanes-oxley.htm Eldenburg, L. & Wolcott, S. (2005). Cost management: Measuring, monitoring, and motivating performance, (1st ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Harkinson, J. (2011). America’s 10 Most Overpaid CEOs. Retrieved from http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/04/10-most-ridiculously-overpaid-ceos McConnell, C., & Brue, S. (2005). Economics: principles, problems and policies (16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Sarkar, D; 2013. Securities Act. Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/securities_act_of_1933 Steve Jobs again earned $1 for work. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/Steve-Jobs-again-earned-1-for-work-at-A,115771

Alcohol And Its Effects On Society - 1647 Words

Books, commercials, billboards, restaurants, clothing shops, grocery stores, and even children’s cartoons all often feature the everyday menace commonly known as alcohol. Most people do not consider alcohol a threat to society.or think that it should be a controlled substance. They feel that as long as they do not drink too much, there is no harm in it, but they are wrong. Alcohol should be categorized as a controlled substance because it causes health problems, impairs judgment, contributes drastically to accidents, is extremely addictive, increases abuse and crime, escalates divorce rates, and is especially harmful to teen drinkers. Alcohol causes a sundry of health complications. Over time, drinking more than recommended, which is 2-3 units (1 unit =  ½ pint of beer) per day in women and 4-3 units per day in men, can cause fatal liver diseases, ulcers, cancer, nervous system issues, and malignant melanoma – a skin cancer that kills over 9,500 people in the United States per year (â€Å"Melanoma†). Long-term drinking has also been linked to â€Å"psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, and antisocial personality disorder† (Alcohol (Ethanol) Effects†). Even moderate alcohol use during pregnancy can result in spontaneous abortion, and neonatal mortality - death during the first 28 days of life (United States). Kidney disease is another possible result, which, if not diagnosed early, can lead to complete kidney failure. As of now, total kidney failure can only be treated byShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol On The Society2170 Words   |  9 Pages Alcohol, or more accurate ly identified as ethanol, is the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages. 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